Project Management Sample Assignment - 4110 Words

The Association for Project Management (APM) suggests that the project business case provides justification for undertaking a project by evaluating benefit, cost and alternative options. The main purpose is to obtain approval and commitment for investment in the project (Association for Project Management 2006, p.129 and MGT8022, USQ 2013). According to Project Management Institute (PMBOK, PMI 2013), the business case describes information from a business standpoint to determine whether or not the project is worth of investment. It is used as a decision making tool by senior leadership. Based on the above, US Toys business case (attached as Appendix I) is being examined with a review of process and process control, project management†¦show more content†¦One of the key definition of project is a project will have definite start and end time in other words a fixed duration during which resources, tools and organizational efficiencies are logically grouped to achieve an agree d upon outcomes. The business case provides a consolidated and summary-level overview of the project. It should address objectives, critical success factors, and communication plan and measurement framework to measure the work being undertaken. It will form the baseline from which the project planning can proceed (MGT8022, USQ 2013) The more formal business case contains more quantitative information for decision making purposes. Applying these principles to US Toys Business case, it is evident that it does not include detailed quantitative information. Though SOWT/TOWS analysis has been included in the Appendix, it does not cross reference to the main objectives of the purpose. While presenting the business case to the stakeholders, it is imperative to talk about key strengths of the organization and how they can be leveraged to overcome the weaknesses or to exploit opportunities for the benefit of the organization. In addition to this, benefit analysis is shown for the option bein g recommended. This gives an impression of being forced to take that option instead of recommendation. By including benefit analysis for the option 2 outright purchase of a pre-packaged application, business case would haveShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Personality Traits Of A Leader1023 Words   |  5 Pagestitled as, â€Å"Impact of Personal Growth Projects on Leadership Identity Development,† by Odom, Boyd, and Williams (2012) whose objective was to examine students’ reflection of their personal growth project. 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Effects Of Climate Change On Urban Areas - 871 Words

In today s world, Urbanization has become the most effective topics, where more than half percent of the total population lives in urban areas (UN-Habitat 2009 p. xxii). Growing urbanization has led to many consequences on the environment. As a result, many cities face detrimental effects as the climate is becoming unfavourable daily. This essay outlines the significant impacts caused by climate changes in urban areas and evaluates the effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation approaches to solve these problems. However, the effects due to climate change should be considered and significant procedures should be taken immediately. Climate change is causing several impacts in urban areas. Firstly, climate change has affected the health of people either directly or indirectly. According to World Bank 2009, approximately 70,000 people lost their lives due to several heat waves in Europe in 2003. They have also estimated that these kind of extreme events will increase in the near future. For instance, Salmonella is a kind of disease that has the capability to grow under a changing climate (kovats et al.2004 cited in A. Hunt, Watkiss, P pg. 35). In addition to this, climate change has led to different calamities to occur, such as a rise in sea level. Nicholls 2004 (cited by A. Hunt, Watkiss, P pg. 31) claims that many major cities lie in low areas or close to the coast where there is a possibility of more risk of sea level rise or storm surge. Out of 20 world’s megacities,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On Urban Areas931 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change has caused negative effects in urba n areas. Variation in the statistical distribution of climate patterns when that change continues for an extensive period refers to climate change. The adverse impacts of the city include health problems for some dwellers, freshwater scarcity and urban heat effect. 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Design a Flowchart for a Process Free Essays

When asked to think about a process I wish to improve on for this assignment I decided to create a new process for the completion of my course work in the completion of my MBA program. Throughout the first five classes of my 12 course program I have notice that the difference in grades from an A to a B has come down to my work ethics in classes. There are several factors that have contributed to why I have not been as successful as I want to be in classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Design a Flowchart for a Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now My last course CRIB was a difficult class because I know math is a weaker subject for me and I let that intimidate me. Before that, I have a lot of outside projects I work on including a business startup so it has affected my ability and I was constantly tired from working two Jobs as well. When I finally had the energy to focus on my coursework, I sometime had issues understanding the work or material and although I could have asked being that it’s an online program sometimes I don’t understand math through written immunization. While I did utilized the resources I still did not allow myself to get the time needed to actually understand the work. I ended up missing substantial points on my test. My flowchart design will Include my MBA coursework, and the metrics that will be applied will be time spent and grades and will be used to measure my flowcharts effectiveness. Start Review each class syllabus for the entire class Download all required course material Monday before each week starts revisit How to cite Design a Flowchart for a Process, Essays

Termination and Change of Health Insurance Policy

Question: Describe about the Termination and Change of Health Insurance Policy? Answer: Introduction The insurance intended to claim or use in order to cover the medical expense incurred for the treatment of diseases among the individuals is called as health insurance. The individuals who work with government firms or private sector are usually availing the facility of health insurances. The employer can pay the insurance premiums on behalf of their employees. However some of the employers can collect the premium from the employers. According to annual survey, the annual premiums sponsored by the employer towards payment in order to cover the health coverage for the employee and their family have reached to $16,834 in 2014 (Gary, Matthew, Nirmita Anthony, 2014). The expenses to be paid by the insurer are expecting to be increased day by day toward payment of medical bills. Therefore the insurance companies who are offering the health insurances policies are increasing the premiums and the renewals. By considering these facts, the employers are rethinking in the benefits to be provi ded to their employees. The health insurances offering by the employer or insurance companies have advantages and disadvantages. The present paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of termination of health insurance coverage and moving the employees to the health insurance exchange. Background: The employer has decided to terminate the plan of health insurance to the employees and intending the employees to move towards exchange of health insurance Health insurance Across the world, most people and their family members are getting benefitted form the health insurance through their employer and the health insurance are called as group health insurance. Varity of insurance policies are available in the market to cater the health needs in general and for the treatment of specific diseases in particular (NCCS, 2012). The insurances include comprehensive health coverage (cover all medical expenses including prescription drugs); fee-for-service (pay a portion of bill); managed care policies (care can be provided from the network of participating providers). The insurances can be long term renewable and short term renewable or non-renewable type policies. The plan depends on the employee and employer. In the present case, the employer wanted to terminate the health insurance plan and move the employees to the health insurance exchange in order to avail the purchase of healthcare plans. The probable causes for changing the policy are (i) to minimize th e expenses towards premium to be paid for insurance providers and/or (ii) increase the cost of premiums. Similarly, a company (The International Business Machines Corporation, IBM) was terminated the policy for Medicare eligible retirees due to increase in the projected cost. IBM was exchanged the policy to Extend Health so that the employees can choose the policies as per their requirement (Tyler, 2013). The decision of changing the policy would create competition among the employers and reduces the cost. However the employers who are changing the policies for the wealth of organization would show some potential impacts on employees and employers. The new decision of employer can pose advantages and disadvantages as described below. Advantages The insurance coverage may be chargeable from the employers, if the shift to the other employer may be waived off. Example, Employees from pharmaceutical company-A are required to pay the premium to the employer. If the employees are moved to other company-B may be waived off. In such case, the employees will move to the companies where they get maximum benefits. In another case, if the existing employer is allowing moving the employees toward the purchase of their own plans, it facilitates them to purchase the plans as per their requirement. The decision offers a benefit to the employees who wanted to change the existing employer. The employees need health coverage during interim (transit period) between existing employer and new employer. Certain insurances companies offer such insurance E.g., Cobra insurance (HIA, n.d) offer 18 months health insurance coverage even if they leave the existing employer. The health insurance premiums sponsored by employer are not subject to the income tax (Buchmueller, Carey Levy, 2013). So the termination of plans can not offer any advantage in terms of tax to be paid to the government. The termination of plan and allowing moving towards purchase of plans as per their requirement encourages the new joinees in the organization. It also motivates the employees from other organization those are not offering health insurance plans. Example, one regional pharmaceutical company does not offer the health insurance coverage, whereas multi-national pharmaceutical company do offer the insurance plans offer entire family. In such case, the work force from regional company moves to the multinational company. The new decision may offer the employees to cover more diseases. E.g., certain diseases can be covered in one plan and other can be covered in new plan. E.g., Treatment of cancer may be covered with huge coverage in new plan The termination of existing plan and shifting to alternative plan may ensure coverage for all the family members and all the diseases that the employer do not offer such broad coverage. Hence the new plan may be more beneficial to the employer. Disadvantages Employees with high income, the premium that is deducted from the salary can be considered for the exemption of the income tax. In case of termination of plan can force the employees to pay the income tax. The employers who give waive off in the premiums to be paid towards policies to the insurance providers poses burden to the little earning employees. The employees have to purchase cost in effective plans from insurance providers Dedicated and high caliber work force is the assets for the employer. In some of the situations, such workers are usually adhered to the employer if he/she thinks that the healthcare insurance plans are beneficial to them and their family members (OBrien, 2003). In case of termination of the plan, such work force is difficult to retain at employer. They will rethink of continuing with the employer. The employer who offer good health care plans without charging the premiums to the employees make the employees to stay for very long period at the employer. So the new technologies or initiatives can be expected much from the employer. Sometimes, more stay for the employees also reduces the work output. The termination of existing plan and shifting to alternative plan may not ensure coverage for all the family members and all the diseases that the employer do Conclusions: The advantages and disadvantages of termination of health insurance and switching to other plans are discussed. References: Buchmueller, T., Carey, C Levy, HG. (2013) Will employers drop health insurance coverage because of the affordable care act? Health Aff (Millwood). 32(9):1522-1530.Gary, C., Matthew, R., Nirmita, P Anthony, D (Sep-2014) Employer Health Benefits Survey Retrieved from https://files.kff.org/attachment/2014-employer-health-benefits-survey-full-reportHIA (Health insurance after getting laid off vs quiting vs getting fired, n.d) Retrieved from https://usinsuranceagents.com/health-insurance/insurance-after-getting-laid-off-vs-quiting-vs-getting-fired/NCCS (National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, 2012). What cancer survivors need to know about health insurance Retrieved from https://www.canceradvocacy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Health-Insurance.pdfOBrien, E (2003) Employers Benefits from Workers Health Insurance. The Milbank Quarterly 81(1), 5-43Tyler, D(2013) IBM Terminates Company-Sponsored Retiree Health Plan Due To Soaring Costs Retrieved from https://www.zerohedge.com/news/201 3-09-07/ibm-terminates-company-sponsored-retiree-health-plan-due-soaring-costs

The Stand By Steven King Essays - The Stand, Devil,

The Stand by Steven King Book Review This is a book review about the book "THE STAND" by Steven King. I had to do the review about The Stand instead of "Cujo" by Steven King for the reason that I could not get the book from the person that lent it to me. The novel is about a virus or a diease that kill off all the people in the USA, they dont say if the whole planet is dead!! The only survivers are about 100 people that live in a little town. These people all form together to try to rebuild the nation, But theres one problem. Theres a devil like character with them. He gets this girl to listen to him, and try to kill these eight people. Eight people were elected from the group of people to try to kill this devil like person. The eight people have to go to aroung Las Vegas (in that area) to kill this person. Theres one person thats with them, and hes like crassy. When he comes into the picture, hes like almost dead. So he dosent care if he dies. He goes to a army sight, that of course, theres no one there, because thier all dead, and gets a missle. This guy goes with the eight people, and when he goes there, he tries to kill this devil. But the devil aperes to have some powers, and he stells the missle from the guy. Thier all in Las V egas, and this is were I get confused in the book. Aperently, a big gold hand apperes out of no were, takes the issle, and detonates it on all of them. They all die of course. The hand, or something says something, and its like a farwell message.

Difference Between Oxidation State and Oxidation Number

Difference Between Oxidation State and Oxidation Number Oxidation state and oxidation number are quantities that commonly equal the same value for atoms in a molecule and are often used interchangeably. Most of the time, it doesnt matter if the term oxidation state or oxidation number is used.There is a slight difference between the two terms.Oxidation state refers to the degree of oxidation of an atom in a molecule. In other words, oxidation state is the charge of an atom if all bonds it formed were ionic bonds. Each atom of the molecule will have a distinct oxidation state for that molecule where the sum of all the oxidation states will equal the overall electrical charge of the molecule or ion. Each atom is assigned an oxidation state value based on predetermined rules based on electronegativity and periodic table groups. If a molecule has a neutral charge, the sum of all oxidation states of its atoms must equal zero. For example, in the molecule FeCl3, each chlorine atom has an oxidation state of -1, while the iron atom has an oxidation state of 3. The three chlorine atoms cancel out the one iron atom, leaving a net charge of 0.Oxidation numbers are used in coordination complex chemistry. They refer to the charge the central atom would have if all ligands and electron pairs shared with the atom were removed.

Global Financial Stability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Financial Stability - Term Paper Example Therefore, global financial stability entails smooth operations of the financial institutions and global markets in conjunction with the global economy. Therefore, to determine a global financial stability balance of payments would help in providing information of an interpedently economy. Balance of payments Balance of payments is records of all financial transactions that are made between businesses, the American government and the consumers with people across the rest of the world. The figure in balance of payments explains the amount being spent by the consumers of a particular country and firms on imported goods and services (Choi, 2009). It also entails the degree of success the firms in a particular nation in terms of exports to other countries and markets. This is an essential measure of the United States economic performance worldwide. Karmakar (2010) suggests that a balance of payments gives information about the economic interdependence of a particular economy with foreign countries. It records the value of all transactions among residents and foreign persons for a given duration. Exports and investments are recorded as positive or alternative surplus items while imports or other deployments of capital in foreign countries are registered as negative or deficit entries. These payments relate to the United States banking growth in that when there is a crisis on balance of payments it might result into a banking crisis overseas. This happens when the economic growth is below the normal status (Choi, 2009). Both crises are preceded by great recessions, hence, this is worsening to trade sector and an overestimated exchange price and the rising cost of credit. In addition, this will have a hard hit on the countries’ exports resulting into a financial shock to the financial institutions. The balance of payments statements are used by the United States banks to interpret information thus enhancing better performances since the information from the sta tements is used to make appropriate financial decisions that control the monetary policy of the country’s economy. Banks overseas have a financial account, where any charges in assets and liabilities are recognized as foreign assets (Stern, 2006). The two possible entries to this entail the export capital, which emerges to an increase in assets or reduction in the external liabilities. On the other hand, the United States capital imports point to decrease in receivables and increase in external liabilities. This would enhance bank growth overseas due to the presence of more liquid cash in overseas banks resulting into a more stable financial base thus enhancing activities such as loan borrowing with competent interest rates .This increases the growth and development of the financial institutions such as banks since there is sufficient capital for development. The main balance of payments of a bank is also a portion of the balance of capital transfers account. In this case, th e balance shows funding to a statistical adjust in the outstanding stock on net foreign assets (Choi, 2009). The balance of payments is considered as one of the major indicators of the United States level of economic growth and this has a positive influence in the banking industry overseas. Consequently, it has the potential to control the rates of free-floating currencies since

CREATING A BUSINESS EMAIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CREATING A BUSINESS EMAIL - Essay Example tment has brought to our attention that some employees either knowingly or unknowingly have installed wireless networks on the main company’s network. Whereas the company has made concerted efforts to provide wireless networks for workers, use of hot spot networks on mobile phones within our network qualifies as rogue access points. Additionally, some have gone to the extent of using Modem supported networks on office computers. However, the most risky rogue access points are made when employees try to connect their personal cell phones or laptops to other Wi-Fi supplied by unknown Wi-Fi vendors. These unsecure networks become access points in which intruders can access the main company’s network. Let us kindly remember that the effects of rogue access points on our company are detrimental. Secure networks in any business ensure that important business information does not leak to malicious people. Additionally, secure networks ensure that information systems within the business remain secure from manipulation. However, the most fateful event would happen when our business secrets leak to our business rivals. Certainly, such information may be used against us hence compromising the success of our business. As stipulated in the employment policy and regulation document, it is unlawful for any employee to act in a way that compromises the success of the company. Therefore, all employees are reminded that setting up of rogue access points using personal mobile phones as hot spots or tethering devices while working within the company’s internet is therefore unlawful. Setting up of networks using Modems is also unlawful. More often, the effects of such actions may cost us heavily hence compromising the source of income for all employees. Let us remark that honesty is one of the core pillars of our corporate culture and our success so far has only been possible through honesty and integrity that you have displayed so far. More important is the need to remember

Service Oriented Architectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Service Oriented Architectures - Essay Example â€Å"Just as the Databases were at the center of design of applications of the 70s and 80s, Components are at the center of design of the applications of the 90s and the next century† – David Vaskevitch, VP, Microsoft. Almost anyone with a sufficient amount of experience in the world of information technology would agree that the concepts of ‘Objects’ have drastically changed the way, large scale software systems are built and deployed. Objects are the basis for advanced graphical user interfaces. Their power comes from their single most useful feature of reusability. Objects are built in such a way that they can be used to build ‘components’ that can be collaborated across multi-vendor platforms. These component based architectures have modernized the way large scale enterprise level software systems are built. The large scale success of component-based architecture has lead to the development of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). The concept of SOA is an evolution of the Component Based Architecture in which the enterprise’s architecture is developed in a ‘Service-Driven Approach’. Service driven approach means that the requirements of an infrastructure are broken down into multiple components; each component providing a distinct service and each service is autonomous. These services are embedded into the business process of the enterprise that supports customer and business goals.

The pcs model in understanding internalised gender oppression

The pcs model in understanding internalised gender oppression In order to find out how helpful the PCS Model is in relation to internalised gender oppression, I must first gain insight and try to understand the structure of Neil Thompsons theoretical model. The PCS Model refers to the need to recognise that discrimination operates at three separate but interrelated levels, the personal, cultural and structural which interact with one another. The PCS Model attempts to explain how and why discrimination occurs and therefore leads to internalised oppression. The links between discrimination and oppression can be seen throughout such things as the economy, the differential distribution of financial resources and the allocation of societys rewards is a key factor underpinning global poverty and social deprivation. Other social reasons include the extent to which an individual is integrated into society and receives the benefits of its opportunities; this usually depends on their social status in terms of social divisions such as class, ethnicity an d gender. Political access to power is not evenly distributed throughout society and once again relates to social divisions, the variable component when it comes to social organisation. These existing inequalities are maintained through processes of discrimination that allocate an individuals life chances and power resources in such a way as in to reinforce existing power relations. The personal level of the PCS Model refers to the way that an individuals thought, emotion and the resulting actions can have a significant impact on inequality and oppression. Discrimination on a personal level is often referred to as prejudice. This involves an individual forming a judgement and refusing to consider or change their judgement, whilst ignoring any considerable evidence that would contradict and undermine it. Often such judgments are based on a perceived stereotype of a particular individuals social status such as class, ethnicity and gender. However, explanations of internalised gender oppression on personal level need to be understood in its broader context as it ignores any other contributing factors such as culture and the surrounding environment. The personal level only considers the individuals significant role towards gender oppression, which can often be refused if they feel as though it was unintentional rather than understanding how their attitudes has helpe d it become internalised. The personal level also fails to recognise the affects of discrimination on the individual, as the differences of impact can fluctuate, whilst others may correspond. However, the cultural level recognises that an individuals beliefs, values and actions are simply social patterns that are shared across particular groups. Culture refers to the ways of life of the members of a society, or of groups within a society. It includes how they dress, their marriage customs and family life, their patterns of work, religious ceremonies and leisure pursuits (Giddens, 1993). Language can be seen as an integral part of cultural behaviour as it reflects the cultural norms, assumptions and patterns whilst contributing to its distribution through the generations. This combination of language and culture can show the way for individuals to take things for granted which Berger and Luckmann (1967) refer to as, the taken-for-grantedness of every day life. Both lead to thoughts and actions that individuals feel they do not need any additional confirmation about other than its simple existence, therefore it becomes routine often without the individuals awareness. The in dividual is capable of engaging in doubt about their existence, but feels obliged to suspend such doubt as they routinely exist in everyday life. This can lead to an individuals psychological integration in order to pursue their everyday activities without questioning their motivation, thus preventing an overload of information. On the other hand an individual may have the tendency to see their existence confined to one culture as they accept a set of social norms and values failing to recognise significant cultural differences based on an individuals perceived judgement that one culture is more superior than another. The cultural level of Neil Thompsons PCS Model is important in helping understand internalise gender oppression as culture is, in itself, a site of discrimination. (Thompson, 1998). For example, just as racism is the belief of one culture having superiority over another, sexism is the belief of one gender having superiority over another. The resulting oppression is sim ply therefore a socially constructed and supported mistreatment of a gender. The cultural level recognises the significance of difference and diversity rather than failing to go beyond an individuals own perspective. Thus, for men to appreciate the significance of sexism and to contribute to anti-sexism, they must begin to see what the world looks like through womens eyes. (Thompson, 1998). Therefore, living life from a masculine perspective and ignoring to understand another can lead to a narrow view and experience of internalised gender oppression. However, the individual actions on a cultural level have limitations as it is underpinned by the overall structure. The structural level considers the influences of various social, political and economic factors as they are constantly interacting. The political factors include the unequal distribution of power between individuals and groups leading to economic differences such as wealth and poverty increasing social divisions. In theory the cultural patterns of internalised gender oppression are a result of men maintaining social order and positions of power through structured inequalities involving a process in which individuals or groups with particular attributes are better able than those who lack or are denied these attributes to control or shape rights and opportunities for their own ends (Thompson, 1995). This allows advantaged groups to profit from greater opportunities and resulting privileges that are available within society. Anthony Giddens (1991) recognised that are four institutional dimensions of modernity including capitalism, for its control over the system of production and indus trialism fro the application of power through production. Thirdly, Giddens identifies coordinated administrative power focused through the monitoring of surveillance and fourthly, its military power each playing a pivotal role in modernity. The PCS Model also considers capitalism to be involved in the exploitation of an individual or group by another for economic control relating to other forms of exploitation and internalised gender oppression. The consequent administrative power is distributed those groups who have a substantial role within society such as social work as they have the power to influence the more vulnerable members of society. Discrimination is simply a matter of identifying differences, and can be positive or negative Thompson (1998), however negative discrimination involves not only identifying differences but also making a negative attribution consequently attaching a negative or detrimental label or connotation to the individual or group concerned. This means individuals or groups are being discriminated against following clear social patterns in terms of class, race, gender, age, disability and sexual orientation etc. When such negative discrimination occurs, the resulting experience is often one of oppression which can be defined as Inhuman or degrading treatment of individuals or groups, hardship and injustice brought about by the dominance of one group over another, the negative and demeaning exercise of power. Oppression often involves disregarding the rights of an individual or group and is thus a denial of citizenship. (Thompson, 1997). Discrimination is a major contributory factor in relation t o oppression. That is, a fundamental source of oppression is the set of processes by which certain social groups are discriminated against and thereby disadvantaged. However the oppression associated with sexism is not simply a result of prejudice bigoted males as discrimination far more intricate having its foundations within the social sciences amongst other contributing factors such as those economical and political. Oppression is sustained through ideology and the power of propaganda. If an individual is unaware of this subtle ideology they will find themselves reinforcing existing power relations whilst maintaining inherent inequalities. The ideas, beliefs and assumptions to support the dominant position of men have been developed through such patriarchal ideology, which is preserved as a dominant social force. A countervailing ideology would attempt to oppose and challenge this, such as feminism, as it is in direct opposition to the dominance of patriarchy. Sexism is evident in relation to biology, as assumptions are made towards the biological role and nurturing characteristics of a woman. Grabb (1993) argues that inequality is maintained by among other things, a mechanism of ideological control. It entails the control of ideas, knowledge, information and similar resources in the establishment of structured inequality between groups or individuals. Equality is a political term much like democracy and freedom to promote a particular groups own values or interests. Therefore it is an ideological concept involving the power of ideas being used to reinforce and legitimise existing power relations. Ethically challenging discrimination is therefore a question of morality and thus values as Banton (1994) argues, The best protections against discrimination are those in the hearts of people who believe discrimination is wrong. Contemporary western societies are characterised by inequality. For social workers, this provides a fundamental challenge with regards to the decisions that are made and the actions that are taken. These can make a significant impact on the progression towards a greater degree of equality or the reinforcing of existing inequalities. Social work often involves the execution of power, frequently with somewhat powerless people. Therefore the employment of a social worker can play a significant role within in the service itself and can inevitably change the users experience of the discrimination and oppression arising from inequalities. Social workers have a important role in promoting equality, rather than simply reinforcing the inequalities that already exist in society. Traditional approaches have a tendency to pay little attention to issues of inequality, discrimination or oppression consequently leaving service users feeling alienated. Psychologically this can be subdivided into three aspects of behaviour cognitive, affective and conative which simply refer to an individuals thoughts, feelings and consequent actions. Cognitive thought patterns can be seen to vary accordingly to social divisions. For example, there are significant differences in the use of language across genders and ethnic groups with the speech patterns of dominant groups being seen as superior or more prestigious. Affective and emotional responses are also rooted in social divisions. For example, responses to loss can be seen to vary between men and women (Thompson, 1995). Conative and behavioural norms follow distinct patterns in terms of class, race gender, age etc. In each three types there tend to be clear social expectations as to how members of a particular group or social category should think, feel and act with strong sanctions against those who fail or refuse to comply with these expectations. Conclusion Inequality is an inevitable part of society, therefore any attempt to overcome inequality can be argued to be destined for failure. While an element of inequality may well prove to be unavoidable, this does not mean that substantial progress can not be made in terms of reducing inequality and alleviating the feeling of oppression. However it is not only a matter of reducing inequality, it is about making sure that it does not increase. The PCS Model takes into account the three main social sciences including psychology, sociology and philosophy. Psychology is represented by the personal level focusing on the individual mind. Sociology on a cultural level in terms of the affect a specific environment can have on the social patterns that exist. Finally Philosophy is represented in the structural level as it commands things to be seen and understood on a much broader scale. Neil Thompsons PCS Model helps to explain how and why discrimination occurs and thereby leads to oppression. It identifies many links between discrimination and oppression and the key factors underpinning poverty and social deprivation. The personal level of the PCS Model refers to the way that an individuals thought, emotion and the resulting actions can have a significant impact on inequality and oppression and whilst recognising the different forms discrimination can take, such as prejudice. However, this involves an individual forming a judgeme nt and ignoring any considerable evidence that would contradict or undermine it whilst the cultural level understands the role of language with regards to cultural behaviour as it reflects the cultural norms. Neil Thompson recognised that the levels of the PCS Model are in constant interaction between each other with the structural level considering the influences of various social, political and economic factors. In theory the overall structure underpins cultural patterns of internalised gender oppression as they are a direct result of men maintaining social order and positions of power through structured inequalities. This is derived from capitalism and industrialism, for its control over the system of production and the application of power through production. The PCS Model also considers capitalism to be involved in the exploitation of an individual or group by another for economic control relating to other forms of exploitation and internalised gender oppression. Neil Thompsons PCS Model recognises the significance of difference and diversity whilst going beyond an individuals own perspective. Therefore, living life from a masculine perspective and ignoring to understand another can lead to a narrow view and experience of internalised gender oppression. However, the individual actions on a cultural level have limitations as it is underpinned by the overall structure. In theory, everyone has a tendency to be narrow minded with their views as they can only judge situations based on their own individual perception. An individuals emotional characteristics with regards to their feeling of internalised gender oppression can rarely be understood but can never be truly relative unless they themselves feel the pressure of internalised oppression. For example, a man can never truly understand what it would be like for a female growing up in a developing urban area.

Those Most Nearly Touched: Social Criticism in American Literature :: essays research papers fc

One of the most influential critics of the social problems in American history was Civil Rights spokesperson W.E.B. DuBois, who believed that "Honest and earnest criticism from those whose interests are most nearly touched--criticism of writers by readers, of government by those governed, of leaders by those led--this is the soul of democracy and the safeguard of modern society." One of the leading vehicles of such criticism since the beginning of the United States of America was literature. Like Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, American literature molded its history by changing social perspectives with authors’ voices. Stowe’s character changed popular American society’s views on the morality of permanent servitude, and other writers have introduced new views into mainstream thought by providing social criticism of their generations through characters’ perspectives. Three such writers were Stephen Crane, Flannery Oâ€⠄¢Connor, and Hunter S. Thompson. Crane’s criticism of the nature of war, O’Connor’s criticism of gender, racism and religion, and Thompson’s criticism of the deterioration of American values were all voices of American generations and essential elements of the evolution of modern American society. Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage was a novel that exploited an underlying irony of the nature of the American Civil War and war itself, as it was the â€Å"first non-romantic novel of the Civil War to attain widespread popularity.† Rather than depicting soldiers fighting for some noble and important cause, like literature of the American Revolution, Crane painted what seemed to be â€Å"loosely cohering incidents† that demystified and reshaped his generation’s views on warfare. War was not dignified; it was â€Å"hard stuff. Men ran away howling. Bodies were strewn and torn. War, went the clichà ©, was hell.† Crane created characters and scenes that highlighted the problems of his America’s popular opinion of war for â€Å"those whose interests are most nearly touched.† In Crane’s novel, those people were the innocent young soldiers who were thrown into â€Å"hell† and bestowed with responsibilities and expectati ons of highly immoral standards. He showed his generation and generations of Americans to come the horrors and the true nature of war. By exposing the fears and inner thoughts of Henry Fleming in his new environments, Crane introduced America to the harsh reality that â€Å"the blue and the gray honestly don’t ever seem too entirely certain why they’re fighting each other.† These were merely young men killing each other without really understanding the reason.

Comparison of Necrosis and Apoptosis Essay

Discuss the similarities and differences between the two types of cell death, Necrosis and Apoptosis. Both necrosis and apoptosis are the two types of cell death than can occur when a cell has undergone harm or disease. Necrosis is an uncontrolled process in which there is a complete breakdown of cellular homeostatis with a large unco-ordinates breakdown of all cellular constituents. Necrosis can occur due to many factors such as an infection or failure of blood supply (ischemia). Examples of necrosis can includes Fat necrosis (seen in patients with breast cancer), Caseous necrosis and coagulation necrosis (common in TB patients). On the other hand, Apoptosis is a controlled process, which is often referred to as ‘programmed cell death’ and involves the cell undergoing a sequence of events to eliminate harmful cells without releasing harmful substances to the area. Apoptosis can undergo 2 pathways, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. When looking at the morphological features related to necrosis, compared to that of apoptosis, it can be seen that necrosis has a loss of membrane integrity, and the uncontrollable process eventually eats away at the cells core membrane, whilst apoptosis deals with the membrane by ‘blebbing’ the plasma, yet leaving the membrane in tact. No vesicle’s are formed for necrosis compared to apoptosis where there are some membrane bound vesicles. Necrosis undergoes total lysis (death) and the term ‘karylolysis’ is given for when the cells nucleus dies, although apoptosis is known to be a programmed form of cell death, the mechanisms highlight that the cells are fragmented into smaller bodies and the body naturally removes them, without causing an inflammatory response, compared to necrosis where an inflammatory response is created. Biochemical features include the need of ATP for apoptosis to occur, yet necrosis can happen freely without any form of energy supplied. DNA is randomly digested and the death is some what ‘random’ and unorganised, affecting neighbouring tissue (secondary), whilst that of apoptosis involves oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA, penetrating the nuclesome rarther that digestion. The intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis shows the release of  cytochrome C to occur by cytoplasm, eventually helping the cell, where as necrosis produces no beneficial products after performing cell death. To conclude, both necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death. Whilst one is an uncontrollable process, involving random and lethal harm to cells and surrounding tissues, one is somewhat ‘programmed’ and benefits the cells by removing those that have been affected by an injurious stimuli (such as an infection of lack of blood). Necrosis is a ‘messy’ process producing gross matter, whilst apoptosis releases useful content back into the body. Morpholical and biochemical features are highlight the main differences between both forms of cell death, and as these continue to be performed silently within our body, they can cause either good, or bad consequences.

Crucible essay Essay

The Crucible takes place in Salem Massachusetts during 1692. It takes place during the tragic time of the so called Salem witch hunts when many innocent people were accused of being a witch or dealing with the devil. As a result of these convictions many people confessed to save their lives, others who would not confess to a lie were hung or executed by other methods such as being pressed. The play the Crucible was wrote by Arthur Miller during the â€Å"Red Scare†, which was almost parallel with the Salem witch hunts in that many innocent people were accused of actions of communism and espionage that they did not take part in. The Crucible is not so much about a witch hunt as it is an illumination of human weakness, hypocrisy, and vindictiveness. In the Crucible there is quite a bit of human weakness. This can easily be seen through all of the people in the story who admitted to being a witch or dealing with the devil instead of being strong and denying the fact that were not a witch and be put to death. When this all begins, Abigail, the reverends own niece, blames Tituba, the reverends slave from Barbados of being a witch. When she is accused on page 847 she first denies it, â€Å"I don’t compact with no devil,† later on after Mr. Putnam says â€Å"this woman must be hanged†, Tituba gives into her natural human weakness and cries out â€Å"†¦ I tell him I don’t desire to work for him(the devil) sir.† That is just one of the many cases where human weakness is illuminated in the play, it is also the most common, many people gave in to the pressure so they wouldn’t be hung. Another way human weakness was illuminated in the Crucible is that John Proctor will not admit his affair with Abigail because he is afraid he will lose his farm and ruin his name. Mary Warren also gives into human weakness when John Proctor asks her to go to the court and tell that the girls are all faking there so called sickness caused by the accused witches. When she tries to tell Judge Danforth Abigail interferes and Mary pretends to go crazy again. Amongst all the human weakness there was a lot of hypocrisy mostly amongst the people who seemed strong and pure. The Crucible may take place during the Salem witch trials of 1692, however the illumination of weakness, hypocrisy, and vindictiveness are what the  play is actually about. Just like what was going on during the Red Scare during Arthur Miller’s time.

Free Essays on Being Honor Bred

Being Honor Bred In the short story â€Å"Being Honor Bred† by Dominick Yezzo, the authors illustrates how we as humans go through different stages in making our decisions. These stages are known as the Kohlberg’s moral decision making stages. First the story begins with him being at the bar and noticing that Mom-San was beautiful but she had a husband and he respected that. Here we see Stage One Obedience and Punishment Social Orientation. He was being obedient by respecting Mom-Sam and her husband because if he did not then his punishment would be getting beat up by her husband. Then as he enters the other bar he sees this prostitute and goes into a room behind a bar to have sex, even though he describes her like a unattractive lady. Here his decision is based on Stage two Individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange. He is exchanging pleasure for money. Even though she said only five dollars he decides to give him everything he had in his pocket. He does this because he feels that she is only doing this to make money to survive so to show respect for her he gives her more money then she asked. Later on he goes into stage five social contract. He goes into this stage when he realizes that he might die. He star ts praying to god and makes a contract with him that if he protects him and doesn’t let him die then he will not commit any more sins. â€Å"O my god I am heartly sorry for having offended thee-and I detest all of my sins because of thy just punishment-but most of all because I offend thee my god†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here we see him saying that god is punishing him for all the sins he has done. His moral reasoning is in stage one, the obedience and punishment social orientation. When Bred was suppose to shot the Vietnamese boy he doesn’t because he realizes that he is just a boy like him. He realizes that killing is a sin and that he should not do it. This is stage five social contract social orientation. â€Å"The ex... Free Essays on Being Honor Bred Free Essays on Being Honor Bred Being Honor Bred In the short story â€Å"Being Honor Bred† by Dominick Yezzo, the authors illustrates how we as humans go through different stages in making our decisions. These stages are known as the Kohlberg’s moral decision making stages. First the story begins with him being at the bar and noticing that Mom-San was beautiful but she had a husband and he respected that. Here we see Stage One Obedience and Punishment Social Orientation. He was being obedient by respecting Mom-Sam and her husband because if he did not then his punishment would be getting beat up by her husband. Then as he enters the other bar he sees this prostitute and goes into a room behind a bar to have sex, even though he describes her like a unattractive lady. Here his decision is based on Stage two Individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange. He is exchanging pleasure for money. Even though she said only five dollars he decides to give him everything he had in his pocket. He does this because he feels that she is only doing this to make money to survive so to show respect for her he gives her more money then she asked. Later on he goes into stage five social contract. He goes into this stage when he realizes that he might die. He star ts praying to god and makes a contract with him that if he protects him and doesn’t let him die then he will not commit any more sins. â€Å"O my god I am heartly sorry for having offended thee-and I detest all of my sins because of thy just punishment-but most of all because I offend thee my god†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here we see him saying that god is punishing him for all the sins he has done. His moral reasoning is in stage one, the obedience and punishment social orientation. When Bred was suppose to shot the Vietnamese boy he doesn’t because he realizes that he is just a boy like him. He realizes that killing is a sin and that he should not do it. This is stage five social contract social orientation. â€Å"The ex...

Summary of Tatars Text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of Tatars Text - Essay Example The frustration in her heart infuriates her and gets her to the pavements along the streets. As she fantasizes on the best and desired life out of punishment and maltreatment by the dad, she gets into visions. The visions were linked to the effects of the condition she was in, hypothermia, but some counted real. She sees her grandmother in the tale as the only person who cared and never mistreated her in her life. And this has been part of her greatest desires ever in this irritating lifestyle. The conditions set for her going back home from the streets where she sold the matchboxes deprived her of any good reason to live under the sun. This forms the basis of her fantasies (Behrens and Rosen, 296-297). The frustration of the imagination of the situation of how it could be at home when she gets home without selling the expected amount of boxes gets her down into deep fantasies. She gets down onto a place within the street where she lights the matches as she visions her situation and links it to the desires that she wants to happen in her life. She lights her matches as she sees the Christmas tree as gorgeous and appealing to the soul. She then sees a falling star from the skies and this reminds her of the story the grandmother told her before she died. It was a signal that a person would die and was to be in heaven in a happy life. Of course, this is what she desires for. This thought of someone important dying and going to heaven does not scare her, and she surges on to light the next matchstick.

As instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

As instruction - Essay Example It therefore, can be said that each of us, follow a definite philosophy which guides our actions and our efforts to gain knowledge and accordingly base our judgments of the people or event. J. S. Mills, an eminent philosopher, In his book ‘On liberty’ has extensively discoursed on liberty of thought and discussion and has tried to explain its wider meaning with respect to the control exerted by society on an individual. Through the ages, liberty and freedom of choice has been the most important issue for the rulers and the community at large. The rulers and people in authority have been using their power to exert control over the community and individuals. Mills has argued that no government or individual has the right to suppress the independent thought of other individuals largely because the new thoughts are catalyst to the changes, which are part and parcel of human existence. The extent of the influence of their control on the liberty of individuals is the most vital aspect of interplay of human relationship within the society. The governmental and constitutional paradigms of liberty are important factors in the larger interests of the society. But there are some intrinsic and unarticulated social control over the individuals within the society, which may be defined by the doctrines of the time and religion. According to Mils ‘for a long time past, the chief mischief of the legal penalties is that they strengthen the social stigma’ (Mills, chapter 1). While to some extent, one can agree that excess control does corrodes of moral and ethical values, but some control is necessary to maintain law and order within the social fabric. But Mills theory on liberty of thought and discussion is highly relevant with the issue of teaching the theory of evolution and the theory of intelligent design in public school.